The purpose of this research was to study the effect of mental practice as a practical supplementary on performance and learning of basketball free shot in male and female university students. 180 right handed university students (90 male, 90 female) with no surgery in shoulder, elbow and wrist were selected randomly. Martin Hall (1997) questionnaire was used to evaluate the ability of all individual’s motion. All subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: practice group (n=30) practicing the task physically and mental group (n=30) with internal imagery practice, and control group with no practice at all (n = 30). Physically group practiced free shot 3 times in a week with 30 blocks in a session, mental group did it only mentally. After 12 sessions of practice an acquisition test, three day off a retention test was conducted a week later for each group. Data were analyzed by independent T -test to compare the acquisition and retention test. The results demonstrated a significance difference between males and females with control one in mental imagery and physical practice on learning of basketball free shot (p<0.01). There is no significance difference between males and females in mental and physical practicing (p<0.01).
