The relation between human beings and their oral microflora initiates little after birth and lasts throughout life. Oral microbes, like fungi, are a complex community. Environmental fungi, mold, and yeast enter the oral cavity through air, food and fomites, among others. The oral microbiome and its fungal component (mycobiome) are critical health and disease component; however little is known and it has not been characterized yet. In this study there have been cultivated an identified fungi from saliva samples from a hundred healthy subjects who live in the State of Puebla, determining oral fungal biodiversity using Shannon´s index. The species richness in the cultivable basal mycobiome conformed by 241 filamentous and yeast fungi including 16 genera and 29 species (environmental, pathogenic and opportunistic); of which 81.25% corresponded to phylum Ascomycota, 12.5% Zygomycota and 6.25% Basidiomycota. Being Candida albicans (18.67%), Penicillium sp (12.03%) and Cladosporium sp (9.96%) the dominant species. Obtaining a Shannon diversity index H´: 0.99. This study identified the cultivable basal mycobiome in healthy subjects of various populations from the neovolcanic axis in the state of Puebla, which is proposed as an indicator of the risk in development of fungal infections.
