A study about optimum condition for production of microcrystalline cellulose from rice straw has been done. A total of 500 grams of rice straw powder were made into alpha-cellulose by the method of multistage pulping and variation of hydrolyzing time were 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes with hydrochloric acid 2,5 N and the temperature was 100 oC to produce optimum microcrystalline cellulose. The yield of microcrystalline cellulose which obtained in 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes hydrolyzed respectively was 60 %, 86.02 %, 93.12 %, 96.72 %. Microcrystalline cellulose from rice straw based on the characters test, identification, pH, water soluble substances, solubility, loss on drying, bulk density, and starch test are not significantly different from Vivacel or Avicel PH 102®, meanwhile for tap density, Carr’s index and Hausner ratio are significantly different.
