Neonatal diseases are important now. Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem of neonatal period has been seen in 80% of preterm and 60% of normal infants. Cord blood's bilirubin level is 1-3 mg/dl, which increase to less than 5 mg/dl in the second and third day of life, normally. Current treatments for hyperbilirubinemia include phototherapy and exchange transfusion. Blood transfusion complications include hemodynamic instability, apnea, pulmonary hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, vasospasm, vascular thrombosis, hypertension, arrhythmia, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bowel perforation.
