The present study deals with the microscopical and macroscopical investigation on leaves, petioles and stems of Madhuca longifolia Fam. Sapotaceae. Madhuca longifolia commonly known as ‘Mahua’ is an important plant used against various disorders in indigenous system of medicine such as hepatoprotective, antipyretics, anti-Inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-diabetic and in wound healing activity. The transverse section of leaf shows epidermis single layered on both the surfaces and covered with thin cuticle, cortex, pith, vascular region with xylem and phloem. Leaves consists uniseriate type of trichomes. The paracytic types of stomata are present in both lower and upper surface of leaves. The transverse section of Petiole shows single layered epidermis covered with cuticle, vascular bundles, xylem surrounded by the phloem. The transverse section of stem shows cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and pith. The powder microscopy shows paracytic stomata, uniseriate and covering type of trichomes, parenchymatous cells and fragments of vascular tissue. The quantitative microscopical studies of leaf were also carried out and various leaf content such as palisade ratio, vein islet number, vein termination number, stomata number, stomatal index.
