Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a mobile bacterium and cylindrical in shape, which grows easily in many medium. These bacteria can cause serious infections in burn patients due to damages of the skin as the first line of defense so that was a major factor of deaths in about 77% in these patients in the past 25 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa in patients hospitalized at Qutb al-Din Shirazi with Primer 272. This cross-sectional study was conducted experimentally over a period of one year (March 2013 to March 2014) at Burn Research Center, University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 200 samples were collected by swab from the burn patients admitted to hospital over a period of one year. It should be noted that all samples were taken in the morning before washing the patients and delivered to the microbiology laboratory. All samples were then evaluated using microbiological phenotypic tests for microscopic and macroscopic. Of this number of samples, 50 (25%) cases were confirmed as P. aeruginosa. 83 (41%) samples were from the men's ward; 54 (27%) cases were from the women's ward; 35 (17%) cases were from the department of pediatrics and 28 (14%) samples were from the ICU (117 (58%) males and 83 (42%) females). The most causes of burns were as follows: 49 (25%) gas, 48 (24%) oil and gasoline, 40 (20%) boiling water and hot liquids, 33 (17%) fire and 30 (15%) electricity. Acinetobacter and other bacteria were respectively obtained as 50 (25%); 80 (40%) and 70 (35%). The results showed that resistance to the groups of carbapenem, penicillin, aminoglycoside, quinolone, cephalosporins, macrolides and chloramphenicol were high in different types of genetic patterns of P. aeruginosa and in this case the basic measures should be taken. According to resistance of some samples to antibiotics, this can be a major cause of epidemics of nosocomial infections in burn center of Qutb al-Din Shirazi. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa is not new matter and it has been reported upward trend in recent decades.
