The science of silk production by breeding the silkworm called sericulture. Silk is known as the queen of textiles because of its lustrous sheen, softness, elegance, durability, and tensile qualities. It was first found in China between 2600 BC and 2700 BC. Silk is a natural fibrous material that comes from the spittle of an insect and is collected from pupal nests or cocoons made by silkworm larvae. Silk is chosen above all other fibres due to its exceptional qualities such as water absorption, heat resistance, dyeing efficiency, and shine. Temperature and humidity are primary factors that affect the physiology of insects. Although there are significant changes in the environment, insects’ display a remarkable variety of adaptations to the varying circumstances of the environment and keep their internal temperature and water content acceptable. Adaptation is a complicated and dynamic condition that varies significantly from one species to another. Survival in insects depends on dispersion, habitat selection, habitat alteration, water-related relationships, cold, diapause and developmental rates, environmental sensitivity and cryoprotective chemical synthesis. Bombyx mori L. (Mulberry Silkworm) is very fragile, highly sensitive to changes in environment and has been unable to endure extreme natural temperature and humidity swings during five thousand years of domestication. The adaptation of the silkworm to environmental circumstances differs greatly from that of wild silkworms and other insects. In the combination of variables and stages impacting the growth, development, productivity and quality of silk, temperature, humidity, air circulation, gas, light and so on exhibit considerable interaction in influence in the physiology of silkworms.
