Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with an absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion or insulin action. To investigate the effect of white grub extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats after 18 hours of fasting intraperitoneally by alloxan (80 mg/kg). A total of 40 rats used, were divided into eight groups (G1- GVIII) of five rats each. GII-GVIII were induced with diabetes. GI served as normal control, GII were administered only distilled water and GIII were administered the standard anti-diabetic drug (Glibenclamide ‘5 mg’). While GIV (E2, 100 mg/kg), GV (E3, 200 mg/kg), GVI (E4, 300 mg/kg), GVII (F1, 400 mg/kg) and GVIII (F2, 500 mg/kg) were respectively administered with fraction of white grub extracts. After fifteen (15) days of oral administration of the extracts, the animals were sacrificed and the serum was collected for analysis of lipid profile (Total Cholesterol ‘TC’, Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol ‘LDL-C’, High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol ‘HDL-C’, Very Low Density Lipoprotein ‘VLDL’ and Triglycerides ‘TG’). Significant decrease (P<0.05) in the serum TC, LDL-C, HLDL-C, for GIV, GV, GVI, GVII, and GVIII and TG, VLDL, for GIV and GVI, and significant increase (P<0.05) in the TG and VLDL for GIV, GVI, and GVIII levels were observed in diabetic treated groups when compared with diabetic untreated group (GII), while GVIII show normal HDL-C level which is comparable to normal control group. The Group (GVIII) also show a Significant increase in TC, TG, VLDL, and LDL-C and a significant decrease in HDL-C when compared to the GIII treated with the standard drug. Percentage increase and decreased blood glucose (BG) levels and lipid profile were evaluated for fifteen days of oral administration of the extracts. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the most active extract shows that the compounds may contain the functional groups like –OH, Nitro, -COOH, an aromatic ring, and others, while it's Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis may contain Urea, Fatty acids and carbohydrate among others. This result shows a positive curative effect of the white grub extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and lipid abnormalities may be associated with the presence of the compounds.
