The effects of different doses of methanol extracts of leaf, stem bark and root of Ximenia americana (X .a) plant on male reproductive system was investigated in wister male rats. A total of 120 rats were divided into groups (G) 1, 2, 3 and 4 and each group consists of 30 rats. Each group was further divided into three sub-groups consisting of 10 rats per-subgroup. G1, G2 and G3 served as experimental and were administered orally with methanol extracts of leaf, stem bark and root of X .a, respectively at doses of 10, 100 or 1000 mg/kg body weight of each extract, every two days for two weeks of the study period. G4 rats served as control and were given equivalent of 0.2 ml of sterile water per rat. The result showed that the extracts of X.a significantly (P<0.05) decreased the testicular weight, sperm count, sexual behaviour of mounting, sniffing and contact period of a male to a female rat. Furthermore, the extracts increased (P<0.05) incidence of sperm head and tail abnormalities compared to the control. The effect of the extracts was dose and time dependant and the root extract had the highest (P<0.05) deleterious effect. The result suggest that the pro-oxidant activity and inhibitory effect of the extract’s flavonoids, saponnins, anthraquinones, alkaloids and terpenoid on neuromuscular tissues may have damage sperm cells, and block olfactory sensitivity, which may have resulted to a “perceptual block” of pheromonal stimuli.
