Herbal therapy in Iran dates back to a long time ago and a number of writings regarding this issue are left by great physicians e.g. Avicenna and Rhazes. Today, in spite of remarkable advances in modern medicine, we are confronted with an increasing tendency towards herbal remedies among those seeking for traditional therapies. But according to our knowledge, there is no report about the plants used in Iranian herbal medicine with hot and balanced nature. Medical students were grouped for gathering data from ethno-pharmacologists, herbal-drug sellers and rural native-healers, from different regions of Iran, especially Northwest, Southwest, Central and Northern provinces. All data collected, were summarized for every species. For each repeated report of a certain indication we added “a point” to the specification of that plant. If the number of every reported indication was more than 7-15 times we reported that indication or pharmacological effect in our final report in this article. We thought that, the higher frequency of the reports of an activity or indication, may mean the most reliable applications of that plant in Iranian traditional medicine. 44 species received the higher points as hot or balanced nature plants in Iranian traditional herbal medicine. These herbs are presented here with their specifications. We have summarized the collected data as Scientific name, Family names, English name, Persian name, therapeutic nature (cold, hot or balanced), suggested actions and pharmacology, indication and usage, used parts/preparation, mode of administration. Other comments are added in the end of the represented data. Although we have presented nearly an integrated information about the hot and balanced nature plants currently used in Iranian herbal Medicine, we did not find any direct relationship between the pharmacological properties and the cold or hot nature of the studied plants. This report, according to our best knowledge, was the first specific one describing the plants with hot and balanced nature in Iranian herbal medicine. But, for recognizing the exact relationship between hot and balanced nature and the pharmacological activities of the plants, other extended studies should be performed.
