Plant genetic diversity (PGD) is now being acknowledged as a distinct field, as urbanisation and shrinking cultivable areas are two of the most important causes contributing to food insecurity in the developing world. PGD can be captured and kept in the form of plant genetic resources (PGR) such as gene banks, DNA libraries, and so on, in bio repositories that maintain genetic material for long periods of time. However, in order to meet future global problems in terms of food and nutritional security, saved PGR must be used for crop enhancement. This process of genetic manipulation is currently being accelerated and carried out with more precision and speed than traditional breeding approaches, thanks to the introduction of new biotechnological tools.
