Leptin is a regulator of energy intake and exercise training is an increaser factor of energy expenditure. Understanding of correlation of these factors can be new view in prevention and control of obesity. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare of correlation between VO2max and concentration of serum Leptin, lipoproteins and lipid profiles in volunteered Active and Sedentary females (20-50 yrs); based on ACSM and PA-R questionnaire. VO2max (A: 34.92 ± 5.67, S: 25.62 ± 4.87 ml.kg-1.min-1) estimated was based on non-exercise prediction equations. Dependent variables included fasting serum concentration of Leptin (A: 27.70 ± 14.39, S: 40.15 ± 9.10 ng/ml); TC (A: 176.25 ± 25.95, S: 174.0 ± 40.19 mg/dl); LDL–c (A: 104.30 ± 20.10, S: 116.55 ± 30.49 mg/dl); HDL–c (A: 52.83 ± 11.85, S: 39.32 ± 8.08 mg/dl); %Fat (A: 27.44 ± 5.65, S: 30.70 ± 5.08) and BMI (A: 23.78 ± 2.91, S: 25.47 ± 3.57 kg/m2). Serum Leptin was measured by ELISA method. Serum TC, LDL-c and HDL-c was measured by enzymatic method. %Fat was measured by BIA method. Significantly of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient and compare of this coefficient tested with T and Z-Fisher tests, respectively (p≤0.05). The comparison of the correlation coefficient between VO2max and Leptin (A: -0.351*, S: - 0.236); LDL-c (A: -0.461**, S: -0.358*); HDL-c (A: -0.04, S: -0.334*); TC (A: -0.42*, S: - 0.337*) and BMI (A: -0.777**, S: - 0.539**) in active and sedentary groups was not significant; but between VO2max and %fat (A: -0.959**, S: -0.873**) was significant. Result indicated that a reverse and significant association between estimated VO2max with active and sedentary females Leptin and Lipoproteins that might be due to effects and strongly reverse relation between estimated VO2max with sedentary and especially active females body fat.
