Statement of the problem and objective of the study: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [PCOS] is the most common endocrine disorder and cause of anovulation and infertility among women. The preset study was conducted to compare human chorionic oxytocin and gonadotropin efficiency in induction of ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, 150 infertile patients resistant to clomiphene citrate and admitted at Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran between 2013 and 2016, were randomly divide into three groups and received 5 units of oxytocin, 10000 units of HCG or a combination of both drugs. The size and number of follicles imaged by Transvaginal ultrasonography determined the progress of treatment. The level of progesterone serum concentration was measured to confirm pregnancy. The rate of ovulation and fertility was compared in the three participant groups. Results: 122 patients completed the study. There was no significant difference between the groups neither in terms of ovulation rate nor with regard to the number of follicles [p>0.05], and there was also no significant side effect in any group. Conclusion: Findings of this study provided good insights into physiological roles of oxytocin in human follicular development and oocyte maturation.
