In the present study, attempts were made to find the most significant symptoms of peritonitis in addition to detected sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of , clinical, hematological and acute phase proteins (APPs) in single and complex mode for diagnosing dairy cow peritonitis. In the case-control clinical trial, out of 45 studied cows, 27 ones were suspicious of peritonitis in the initial clinical examinations conducted for definitive diagnosis of peritonitis via laparoscopy and the 18 remaining ones were considered the control group (GROUP C N=18). After performing laparoscopy, the patients were divided into two groups: peritonitis (GROUP A N=21) and patients without peritonitis but have some inflammatory disorders (GROUP B N=6). Gold standard test for the definitive diagnosis of peritonitis was laparoscopy. In assessing 16 clinical findings and 14 paraclinical examination (Hematology+APPs), 10 parameters of clinical findings and 3 parameters of paraclinical examination had significant differences from the control group (p< 0.05). After assessing 49 complexes, 4 of them were more accurate for the diagnosis of peritonitis. We concluded that diagnosis of peritonitis based on separate decisions on clinical or laboratory parameters was very low. In addition changes could occur in hemogram and acute phase proteins; for example, body temperature of the animal does not reflect the extent of involvement in all the cases. Finally, it was found that preparing diagnostic complexes along with using more sophisticated methods (such as laparoscopy) would increase accuracy in the diagnosis of peritonitis.
