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Application of Geographic Information System in Mapping of Groundwater Quality for Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike and its Environs, Southeastern Nigeria | Abstract
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Abstract

Application of Geographic Information System in Mapping of Groundwater Quality for Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike and its Environs, Southeastern Nigeria

Author(s): Akaninyene Okon Akankpo, Magnus Uzoma Igboekwe

Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a particularly useful and important tool in the scientific study and management of water resources. In this paper the GIS software ILWIS 2.1 was used to analyze and create groundwater pollution sensitive zone map for Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike and its environs, Southeastern Nigeria. Spatial variability maps of different groundwater quality parameters were generated using interpolation operation in the software and were incorporated as data layers in the software for further generation of groundwater pollution sensitive zone map. The effect of various data layers (elevation map, contour lines, and land use activities) on the distribution of groundwater pollution was also studied. The water quality parameters of concern were pH and turbidity because they had marked departure from WHO standard. The pH values in the area varied from 4.71 to 6.94 which reveal acidic groundwater. The turbidity values ranged from 86.10 to 92.60 NTU. The turbidity values recorded for all the samples were above the WHO acceptable limit of 5.00 NTU. The pollution sensitive zone map delineates the area into four zones: low hazard zone, moderate hazard zone, high hazard zone and very high hazard zone. The very high hazard zone seems to be the largest zone and extends mostly towards the southern part of the study area, indicating that the contaminants seem to concentrate at the southern part of the area, which also has low elevation.