Ethnobotanical survey of the plants used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus was conducted in some areas of South-Western Nigeria. The survey revealed the use of about 132 different plants species belonging to 56 families in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. Taxonomic practice of specimen preparation for herbarium storage was performed for each of the plants and some were deposited at the Elikaf herbarium of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye. The identified plants have been confirmed to posses anti-diabetic properties. Prominent among them are Senna alata Linn, Curculigo pilosa (Schumach & Thonn.) Engl, Cucurmeropsis mannii Naudin, Anthocleista spp, Vernonia amygdalina Del and Allium spp. These species were found to be very important and useful in the treatment of diabetes based on their frequency of occurrence in the recipes obtained, although only few of the recipes are listed in this work. Most of these plants are available in the area of study. A need for further scientific research based on the findings of this work is needed and recommended so that adequate records of indigenous methods of treating Diabetes mellitus can be kept for posterity, especially in the study area.
