This is case report on a 47 year old man with episodes of haematospermia and semen hyperviscosity. He was sent to the Medical Laboratory Services Department in ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu State for Laboratory diagnosis following evidence of infertility for 8 years. Clinical evaluation showed no pain, fever, dysuria or haematuria but semen analysis revealed severe hyperviscosity with thread length above 8cm and normal sperm count with 70% relatively active but sluggish spermatozoa, while semen and urethral swab culture yielded a heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus that was sensitive to ceftriaxone and erythromycin. The patient was placed on IM ceftriaxone injection (1g) morning and night for two weeks and then re-examined for haematospermia after 4 weeks. The re-examination results showed normal semen viscosity with no blood in semen; suggesting that semen hyperviscosity with co-microbial infection may be an important determinant for fertility/infertility status in males
