Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensory-motor disorder occurring in 20-30 percent of hemodialysis patients. This syndrome causes confusion, inability to rest and impaired quality of life for hemodialysis patients. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between chemical parameters in hemodialysis patients and RLS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 patients with chronic hemodialysis at a hospital affiliated to Zabol University of Medical Sciences . The patients have passed from start of their hemodialysis at least six month and they have been under hemodialysis three times a week and three and four hours in each time. Restless legs syndrome questionnaire was used as tool of study to collect data. Simultaneous with completing the questionnaire, the patients were sampled to measure biochemical parameters. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0 .The results showed that 83.7 % of hemodialysis patients had RLS in which 24.3% of patients suffered from mild disorder, 40.5 % of them suffered from moderate disorder, and 18.9% of them suffered from severe disorder. According to the findings of this study, hemoglobin, uric acid, Iron, CRP, urea, creatinine, TSH, T4, phosphorus, albumin had no significant correlation with RLS, while calcium, T3 and PTH had significant correlation with restless legs syndrome (P = 0/026, 0/013, 0/001). Considering the high prevalence of RLS in hemodialysis patients, identifying risk factors for this syndrome and providing guidelines to reduce clinical symptoms of this syndrome appears to be necessary.
